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  2. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    The transition from solid to liquid, and gas to liquid (shown by the white condensed water vapour). Other phase changes include: Transition to a mesophase between solid and liquid, such as one of the "liquid crystal" phases. The dependence of the adsorption geometry on coverage and temperature, such as for hydrogen on iron (110).

  3. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    A similar concept applies to liquidgas phase changes. [7] Water is an exception which has a solid-liquid boundary with negative slope so that the melting point decreases with pressure. This occurs because ice (solid water) is less dense than liquid water, as shown by the fact that ice floats on water.

  4. Phase (matter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

    A typical phase diagram for a single-component material, exhibiting solid, liquid and gaseous phases. The solid green line shows the usual shape of the liquidsolid phase line. The dotted green line shows the anomalous behavior of water when the pressure increases. The triple point and the critical point are shown as red dots.

  5. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    A vapor can exist in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid), in which case the gas pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid (or solid). A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a gas whose temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure respectively. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears.

  6. Triple point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point

    A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]

  7. Critical point (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point...

    The commonly known phases solid, liquid and vapor are separated by phase boundaries, i.e. pressure–temperature combinations where two phases can coexist. At the triple point, all three phases can coexist. However, the liquid–vapor boundary terminates in an endpoint at some critical temperature T c and critical pressure p c. This is the ...

  8. Cooling curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_curve

    A cooling curve of naphthalene from liquid to solid. A cooling curve is a line graph that represents the change of phase of matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid. The independent variable (X-axis) is time and the dependent variable (Y-axis) is temperature. [1]

  9. Phase-change material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-change_material

    However, only solidliquid and liquidsolid phase changes are practical for PCMs. Although liquidgas transitions have a higher heat of transformation than solidliquid transitions, liquidgas phase changes are impractical for thermal storage because large volumes or high pressures are required to store the materials in their gas ...

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