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  2. Yoshizumi Ishino - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshizumi_Ishino

    Ishino was born in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.He received his BS, MS and PhD in 1981, 1983 and 1986, respectively, from Osaka University. [1] From 1987 to 1989, he served as a post-doctoral fellow in Dieter Söll's laboratory at Yale University.

  3. CRISPR gene editing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing

    CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced / ˈ k r ɪ s p ə r / (crisper), refers to a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified.

  4. CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR

    CRISPR gene editing is a revolutionary technology that allows for precise, targeted modifications to the DNA of living organisms. Developed from a natural defense mechanism found in bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 is the most commonly used system, that allows "cutting" of DNA at specific locations and either delete, modify, or insert genetic material.

  5. Cas12a - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a

    Cas12a (CRISPR-associated protein 12a, previously known as Cpf1) is an RNA-guided endonuclease that forms an essential component of the CRISPR systems found in some bacteria and archaea. In its natural context, Cas12a targets and destroys the genetic material of viruses and other foreign mobile genetic elements , thereby protecting the host ...

  6. George Church (geneticist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Church_(geneticist)

    He co-developed Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering (MAGE) and optimized CRISPR/Cas9, discovered by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier for engineering a variety of genomes ranging from yeast to human. [62] His laboratory's use of CRISPR in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) is the latest contender for precise gene therapy. [64]

  7. Jennifer Doudna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna

    Doudna was introduced to CRISPR by Jillian Banfield in 2006 who had found Doudna by way of a Google search, having typed "RNAi and UC Berkeley" into her browser, and Doudna's name came up at the top of the list. [37] [38] In 2012, Doudna and her colleagues made a new discovery that reduces the time and work needed to edit genomic DNA.

  8. Timeline of biotechnology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biotechnology

    8 July – Mitochondria are gene-edited for the first time, using a new kind of CRISPR-free base editor , by a team of researchers. [68] [69] 8 July: Researchers report that they succeeded in using a genetically altered variant of R. sulfidophilum to produce spidroins, the main proteins in spider silk. [70]

  9. Human germline engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_germline_engineering

    On 30 December 2019, a Chinese district court found He Jiankui guilty of illegal practice of medicine, sentencing him to three years in prison with a fine of 3 million yuan. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] Zhang Renli and Qin Jinzhou received an 18-month prison sentence and a 500,000-yuan fine, and were banned from working in assisted reproductive technology for ...