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Nam quốc sơn hà (chữ Hán: 南 國 山 河, lit. ' Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Country ' ) is a famous 10th- to 11th-century Vietnamese patriotic poem . Dubbed "Vietnam's first Declaration of Independence", [ 1 ] it asserts the sovereignty of Vietnam 's rulers over its lands.
Đọi Temple, Duy Tiên, Hà Nam Province: Inscription in Chinese and Vietnamese (phonetic-phonetic Chu Nom) verses [17] describe Lý Nhân Tông's expression about his construction of Đọi Temple after his mother Queen Y Lan's death in 1117. The authors of the inscription linked their location to the origins of Buddhism, declared "In India ...
The Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies (Vietnamese: Viện nghiên cứu Hán Nôm; Hán Nôm: 院研究漢喃), or Hán-Nôm Institute (Vietnamese: Viện Hán Nôm, Hán Nôm: 院漢喃) in Hanoi, Vietnam, is the main research centre, historical archival agency and reference library for the study of chữ Hán and chữ Nôm (together, Hán-Nôm) texts for Vietnamese language in Vietnam.
von – "of", "from"; often a sign of nobility, but also just a geographical term of the name originated of a location. zu - ( German ) "at"; a sign of nobility, sometimes in the combination von und zu , meaning the noble family still owns the place of naming
The original edition of the memoir was divided to four parts: I, II, III and IV without titles, then was named by translator Nguyễn Quang Tô in the Quốc ngữ edition as 4 chapters: The reason of the loss of Vietnam, Short stories about typical patriots and mandarins right after the loss, The evil ruling of the French colonist in Vietnam, Looking forward to the future of Vietnam ...
Đồng Văn District consists of two townships, Đồng Văn and Phố Bảng, and the communes of Hố Quáng Phìn, Lũng Cú, Lũng Phìn, Lũng Táo, Lũng Thầu, Má Lé, Phố Cáo, Phố Là, Sà Phìn, Sảng Tủng, Sính Lủng, Sủng Là, Sủng Trái, Tả Lủng, Tả Phìn, Thài Phìn Tủng and Vần Chải.
Villa Wartholz was designed by Heinrich von Ferstel in the historicist style in the years 1870 to 1872 for Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria. The castle-like building with towers was for recreational purposes, not for military means. The villa was designed with a view over the valley.
Lạng Sơn is 155 kilometres (96 mi) to the northwest of Hanoi and National Highways 1 and 1 A and passes the Chi Lăng pass (the site of Lê Lợi's victory over 100,000 Ming invaders from China in 1427) and Bắc Giang on National Highway 1A. [9] Lạng Sơn is 135 km from Cao Bằng on the National Highway no 4. [15]