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  2. Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane...

    Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...

  3. Fuel cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell

    Demonstration model of a direct methanol fuel cell (black layered cube) in its enclosure Scheme of a proton-conducting fuel cell. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) [1] into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. [2]

  4. Proton-exchange membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane

    A number of technical problems led NASA to forego the use of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells in favor of batteries as a lower capacity but more reliable alternative for Gemini missions 1–4. [8] An improved generation of General Electric's PEM fuel cell was used in all subsequent Gemini missions, but was abandoned for the subsequent Apollo ...

  5. Ethanol, the Next Generation: Why Corn Is Out and Cellulose Is In

    www.aol.com/news/2011-02-02-ethanol-fuel-the...

    Since the 1970s, the U.S. has subsidized ethanol produced from food crops, especially from corn, thus providing a homegrown, alternative fuel source for our automobiles. But for multiple reasons ...

  6. Corn ethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_ethanol

    In the United States, 40% of the acreage designated for corn grain is used for corn ethanol production, of which 25% was converted to ethanol after accounting for co-products, leaving only 60% of the crop yield for human or animal consumption. [30] Growing corn to fuel internal combustion vehicles is a highly inefficient use of land.

  7. Membrane electrode assembly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_electrode_assembly

    Ruthenium and platinum are often used together, if carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of the electro-chemical reaction as CO poisons the PEM and impacts the efficiency of the fuel cell. Due to the high cost of these and other similar materials, research is being undertaken to develop catalysts that use lower cost materials as the high costs are ...

  8. High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Temperature_Proton...

    Whereas the common PEM fuel cell, also called Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (LT-PEM), must usually be operated with hydrogen with high purity of more than 99.9 % the HT-PEM fuel cell is less sensitive to impurities and thus is typically operated with reformate gas with hydrogen concentration of about 50 to 75 %.

  9. Will the "Largest Fuel Cell Installation in History" Help ...

    www.aol.com/largest-fuel-cell-installation...

    In November 2024, Bloom Energy (NYSE: BE) made a big announcement: It will be supplying a roughly 80-megawatt fuel cell project in South Korea. The project, assuming all goes as planned, will be ...