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In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation.Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the "lethal dose" represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
For instance, if the ADI is based on data from humans the safety factor is usually 10 instead of 100. The ADI is usually given in mg per kg body weight. [5] The ADI is considered a safe intake level for a healthy adult of normal weight who consumes an average daily amount of the substance in question.
In single-dose scenarios, the patient's body weight and the drug's recommended dose per kilogram are used to determine a safe one-time dose. If multiple doses of treatment are needed in a day, the physician must take into account information regarding the total amount of the drug which is safe to use in one day, and how that should be broken up ...
Vancomycin is recommended to be administered in a dilute solution slowly, over at least 60 min (maximum rate of 10 mg/min for doses >500 mg) [21] due to the high incidence of pain and thrombophlebitis and to avoid an infusion reaction known as vancomycin flushing reaction. This phenomenon has been often clinically referred to as "red man syndrome".
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
Tolerable weekly intake (TWI) estimates the amount per unit body weight of a potentially harmful substance or contaminant in food or water that can be ingested over a lifetime without risk of adverse health effects. [1] [2] TWI is generally preceded by "provisional" to indicate insufficient data exists, increasing uncertainty. [3]
An example for a simple case (mono-compartmental) would be to administer D=8 mg/kg to a human. A human has a blood volume of around V b l o o d = {\displaystyle V_{blood}=} 0.08 L/kg . [ 7 ] This gives a C 0 = {\displaystyle C_{0}=} 100 μg/mL if the drug stays in the blood stream only, and thus its volume of distribution is the same as V b l o ...
May be more narrow-spectrum than vancomycin, resulting in less bowel microbiota alteration. [9] Nausea (11%), vomiting, and abdominal pain. [10] Bactericidal in susceptible organisms such as C. difficile by inhibiting RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. [10] Monobactams; Aztreonam: Azactam: Gram-negative bacteria
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