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  2. Synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse

    Diagram of a chemical synaptic connection. In the nervous system, a synapse [1] is a structure that allows a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or a target effector cell. Synapses can be classified as either chemical or electrical, depending on the mechanism of signal transmission between neurons.

  3. Neurotransmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmission

    At the nerve terminal, neurotransmitters are present within 35–50 nm membrane-encased vesicles called synaptic vesicles. To release neurotransmitters, the synaptic vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of specialized 10–15 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein structures at the presynaptic membrane called porosomes. [15]

  4. Synaptic vesicle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_vesicle

    The events of the synaptic vesicle cycle can be divided into a few key steps: [10] 1. Trafficking to the synapse. Synaptic vesicle components in the presynaptic neuron are initially trafficked to the synapse using members of the kinesin motor family. In C. elegans the major motor for synaptic vesicles is UNC-104. [11]

  5. Excitatory synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_synapse

    Chemical synaptic transmission is the transfer of neurotransmitters or neuropeptides from a presynaptic axon to a postsynaptic dendrite. [3] Unlike an electrical synapse, the chemical synapses are separated by a space called the synaptic cleft, typically measured between 15 and 25 nm. Transmission of an excitatory signal involves several steps ...

  6. Neurotransmitter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter

    The cell receiving the signal, or target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be a gland or muscle cell. [ 1 ] Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft where they are able to interact with neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell.

  7. Neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

    They are located in the brain and spinal cord and help to receive and conduct impulses. Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap.

  8. Active zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_zone

    A diagram of the proteins found in the active zone. The active zone is present in all chemical synapses examined so far and is present in all animal species. The active zones examined so far have at least two features in common, they all have protein dense material that project from the membrane and tethers synaptic vesicles close to the membrane and they have long filamentous projections ...

  9. Axon terminal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal

    Axon terminals (also called terminal boutons, synaptic boutons, end-feet, or presynaptic terminals) are distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon, also called a nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses called action potentials away from the neuron's cell body to transmit those ...