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  2. Superabsorbent polymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer

    A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass. [2] Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when mixed, [3] absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with ...

  3. Solution polymerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_polymerization

    The reaction results in a polymer which is also soluble in the chosen solvent. Heat released by the reaction is absorbed by the solvent, reducing the reaction rate. Moreover, the viscosity of the reaction mixture is reduced, preventing autoacceleration at high monomer concentrations. A decrease in viscosity of the reaction mixture by dilution ...

  4. Aqueous two-phase system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_two-phase_system

    It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible.In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (cooking oil, chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two-phase system.

  5. Suspension polymerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_polymerization

    In polymer chemistry, suspension polymerization is a heterogeneous radical polymerization process that uses mechanical agitation to mix a monomer or mixture of monomers in a liquid phase, such as water, while the monomers polymerize, forming spheres of polymer. [2] The monomer droplets (size of the order 10-1000 μm) are suspended in the liquid ...

  6. Interfacial polymerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfacial_polymerization

    The most commonly used interfacial polymerization methods fall into 3 broad types of interfaces: liquid-solid interfaces, liquid-liquid interfaces, and liquid-in-liquid emulsion interfaces. [1] In the liquid-liquid and liquid-in-liquid emulsion interfaces, either one or both liquid phases may contain monomers.

  7. Liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction

    In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to ...

  8. Sodium polyacrylate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate

    Super-absorbent polymers (SAP) similar to sodium polyacrylate were developed in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [3] Before the development of these substances, the best water absorbing materials were cellulosic or fiber-based like tissue paper, sponge, cotton, or fluff pulp.

  9. Phase inversion (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_inversion_(chemistry)

    The method of phase inversion is highly dependent on the type of polymer used and the solvent used to dissolve the polymer. Phase inversion can be carried out through one of four typical methods: [1] Reducing the temperature of the solution; Immersing the polymer solution into anti-solvent; Exposing the polymer solution to a vapor of anti-solvent