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The solar mass (M ☉) is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 2 × 10 30 kg (2 nonillion kilograms in US short scale). It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun. It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars, as well as stellar clusters, nebulae, galaxies and black holes. More precisely, the mass of the ...
The solar mass (M ☉), 1.988 92 × 10 30 kg, is a standard way to express mass in astronomy, used to describe the masses of other stars and galaxies. It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 333 000 times the mass of the Earth or 1 048 times the mass of Jupiter.
Metallicity comparison: [Fe/H] - Ratio of Iron to Hydrogen. This is not an exact ratio, but rather a logarithmic representation of the ratio of a star's iron abundance compared to that of the Sun.
The choice of solar mass, M ☉, as the basic unit for planetary mass comes directly from the calculations used to determine planetary mass.In the most precise case, that of the Earth itself, the mass is known in terms of solar masses to twelve significant figures: the same mass, in terms of kilograms or other Earth-based units, is only known to five significant figures, which is less than a ...
In modern academic writing, the Sun symbol is used for astronomical constants relating to the Sun. [10] T eff☉ represents the solar effective temperature, and the luminosity, mass, and radius of stars are often represented using the corresponding solar constants (L ☉, M ☉, and R ☉, respectively) as units of measurement. [11] [12] [13] [14]
In scientific notation, this is written 9.109 383 56 × 10 −31 kg. The Earth's mass is about 5 972 400 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg. [21] In scientific notation, this is written 5.9724 × 10 24 kg. The Earth's circumference is approximately 40 000 000 m. [22] In scientific notation, this is 4 × 10 7 m. In engineering notation, this is written ...
The astronomical unit of mass is the mass of the Sun (S). The astronomical unit of length is known as the astronomical unit ( A or au ), which in the IAU(1976) system is defined as the length for which the gravitational constant , more specifically the Gaussian gravitational constant k expressed in the astronomical units ( i.e. k 2 has units A ...
Parts-per-million chart of the relative mass distribution of the Solar System, each cubelet denoting 2 × 10 24 kg. This article includes a list of the most massive known objects of the Solar System and partial lists of smaller objects by observed mean radius. These lists can be sorted according to an object's radius and mass and, for the most ...