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The plague was spread by flea-infected rats, as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent. Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector. The first-known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth, Dorset, from Gascony in June 1348. [1]
The Great Plague of London, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the most recent major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long Second Pandemic , a period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics that originated in Central Asia in 1331 (the first year of the Black Death ), and included related diseases ...
Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30,000–50,000 inhabitants to it in 1620–1621, and again in 1654–1657, 1665, 1691, and 1740–1742. [178] Cairo suffered more than fifty plague epidemics within 150 years from the plague's first appearance, with the final outbreak of the second pandemic there in the 1840s. [115]
Plague had been present in England since the Black Death, infecting various fauna in the countryside, and known as plague since the 15th century. [4] Occasionally Yersinia pestis was transmitted to human society by infectious contact with the fleas of wild animals, with disastrous results for trade, farming, and social life.
Serfdom did not end everywhere and lingered in parts of Western Europe and was introduced to Eastern Europe only after the Black Death. [34] There was also a change in inheritance law. Before the plague, only sons, especially the eldest son, inherited the ancestral property. After the Plague, all sons and daughters started to inherit property. [34]
There are two main forms of plague infection: bubonic, which is caused by a flea bite or blood contact with another infected animal or material and is characterized by swollen lymph nodes or ...
In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of pre-incident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, [32] and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. [33] By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England.
A painting revolution was ready to take off in the 14th century, but then the plague hit Italy. What lessons does that hold about our own art future?