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She pointed out that the new forms of urban design broke down many of the traditional controls on criminal behavior, for example, the ability of residents to watch the street and the presence of people using the street both night and day. She suggested that the lack of "natural guardianship" in the environment promoted crime. Jacobs developed ...
Neighborhoods can adopt various strategies to reduce violent crime. The broken windows theory, though widely disputed, posits that visible signs of disorder in neighborhoods may encourage criminal activity due to perceived weak social control. Research suggests that changes to the built environment can contribute to crime reduction.
Hazard elimination is a hazard control strategy based on completely removing a material or process causing a hazard.Elimination is the most effective of the five members of the hierarchy of hazard controls in protecting workers, and where possible should be implemented before all other control methods.
Natural surveillance limits the opportunity for crime by taking steps to increase the perception that people can be seen. Natural surveillance occurs by designing the placement of physical features, activities and people in such a way as to maximize visibility and foster positive social interaction.
This is highly effective in neighborhoods that cannot afford a professional crime watch. The defensible space theory is applicable to any type of planned space. From low density housing to high rises, the key is the development of a communal area in which residents can "extend the realm of their homes and the zone of felt responsibility."
Situational crime prevention uses the environment to create barriers to crime, and may be done by homeowners, architects and local officials. For example, making streets and buildings safer can reduce crime. Neighbors may play a role in reducing crime by becoming watchmen and notifying police of criminal activity. The basis of this theory is ...
The reason the state of the urban environment may affect crime consists of three factors: social norms and conformity; the presence or lack of routine monitoring; and social signaling and signal crime. In an anonymous urban environment, with few or no other people around, social norms and monitoring are not clearly known.
Employers can also eliminate hazards by completely removing them—such as clearing trip hazards or disposing of hazardous chemicals, thus eliminating the risks they pose. If eliminating a hazard compromises the ability to produce the product or deliver the service, it's crucial to eliminate as many risks associated with the hazard as possible.