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Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. [4] Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure. [4] It can be taken intravenously or orally. [4]
Before the development of tracers such as 99m Tc-MAG3, a range of other radiopharmaceuticals were employed. The test was first introduced in 1956, using iodine-131 diodrast . [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Later developments included iodine-131, and then iodine-123 , labelled ortho-Iodohippuric acid (OIH, marketed as Hippuran).
A bolus intravenous dose of 10 or 20 mg of furosemide can be administered and then followed by intravenous bolus of 2 or 3% hypertonic saline to increase the serum sodium level. [12] Pulmonary edema - Slow intravenous bolus dose of 40 to 80 mg furosemide at 4 mg per minute is indicated for patients with fluid overload and pulmonary edema. Such ...
[2] total of 8 mmol per liter during the first day with the use of furosemide and replacing sodium and potassium losses with 0.9% saline. For people with severe symptoms (severe confusion, convulsions, or coma) hypertonic saline (3%) 1–2 ml/kg IV in 3–4 h may be given. [2]
High-ceiling diuretics may cause a substantial diuresis – up to 20% [3] of the filtered load of NaCl (salt) and water. This is large in comparison to normal renal sodium reabsorption which leaves only about 0.4% of filtered sodium in the urine.
References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy, [10] diet, use of prescribed or herbal drugs and stress. Reference ranges often depend on the analytical method used, for reasons such as inaccuracy , lack of standardisation , lack of certified reference material and differing antibody reactivity . [ 11 ]
8–10 1–1.25 mg ~100% 2–3 Instantaneously (from 5 to 15 sec); 2–5 min 3–4 hours N-Phenethylnormorphine: 8–14 Alfentanyl: 10–25 1.5 (90–111 minutes) Instantaneously (from 5 to 15 sec); 4× more rapid than fentanyl 0.25 hr (15 min); up to 54 minutes until offset of effects Trefentanil: 10-25 Brifentanil: 10-25 Acetylfentanyl: 15
[10] Because these diuretics are weakly natriuretic , they do not cause clinically significant blood pressure changes and thus, are not used as primary therapy for hypertension. [ 11 ] They can be used in combination with other anti-hypertensives or drugs that cause hypokalemia to help maintain a normal range for potassium.