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In social psychology, social loafing is the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when working alone. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It is seen as one of the main reasons groups are sometimes less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals.
Global Social Mobility Index. The Global Social Mobility Index is an index prepared by the World Economic Forum. The inaugural index from 2020 ranked 82 countries and has not been updated since. The Index measures social mobility holistically through 5 determinants. The findings from the index were then used in the World Economic Forum's Global ...
List of countries by income equality. World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020. [1] This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect ...
The IHDI, estimated for the world and specific countries, captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (Czech Republic, Slovenia) up to over 40% (Comoros, Angola). Overall loss takes into account all three dimensions.
The US Gini rating (after taxes and transfers [206]) puts it among those of less developed countries. The US is more unequal or on par with countries such as Mozambique, Peru, Cameroon, Guyana and Thailand. [204] Across Europe the ratio of post-tax income of the top 10% to that of the bottom 50% changed only slightly between the mid-1990s and 2019.
Welfare in America. The United States spends approximately $2.3 trillion on federal and state social programs including cash assistance, health insurance, food assistance, housing subsidies, energy and utilities subsidies, and education and childcare assistance. Similar benefits are sometimes provided by the private sector either through policy ...
The Social Progress Index (SPI) measures the extent to which countries provide for the social and environmental needs of their citizens. Fifty-four indicators in the areas of basic human needs, foundations of well-being, and opportunity to progress show the relative performance of nations. The index is published by the nonprofit Social Progress ...
In the United States, poverty has both social and political implications. In 2020, there were 37.2 million people in poverty. [ 1 ] Some of the many causes include income, inequality, [needs update][ 2 ] inflation, unemployment, debt traps and poor education. [needs update][ 3 ] The majority of adults living in poverty are employed and have at ...