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2. Cefalexin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalexin

   Cefalexin. Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. [4] It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. [4] Cefalexin is a β-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. [4]

3. Nephrotoxicity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotoxicity

   Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [ 1 ] There are various forms, [ 2 ] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with ...

4. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti...

   Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[ 1 ][ 3 ] (NSAID) [ 1 ] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [ 4 ] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [ 1 ] and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of use, but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and ...

5. The One Habit That Could Make Your Kidneys Healthier - AOL

   www.aol.com/one-habit-could-kidneys-healthier...

   For very late-stage kidney disease, Dr. Hart says one of the biggest signs that your kidneys might not be functioning properly is changes in urination. ... You may also notice swelling in the legs ...

6. Kidney failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

   Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2 ] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...

7. Kidney disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_disease

   Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease.

8. Clearance (pharmacology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearance_(pharmacology)

   Clearance (pharmacology) In pharmacology, clearance ( ) is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination. This is the rate of elimination of a substance divided by its concentration. [ 1 ] The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time.

9. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_of_inappropriate...

   Excessive ADH causes an inappropriate increase in the reabsorption in the kidneys of solute-free water ("free water"): excess water moves from the distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) and collecting tubules of the nephrons - via activation of aquaporins, the site of the ADH receptors - back into the circulation. This has two consequences.