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  2. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    List of states of matter. Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature. In common temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Complex molecules can also form various mesophases such as liquid ...

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    State of matter. In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein ...

  4. Decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decomposition

    Decomposition or rot is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts. The process is a part of the nutrient cycle and is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biosphere.

  5. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma.

  6. Plasma (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

    Plasma (from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma) 'moldable substance' [ 1 ]) is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other three being solid, liquid, and gas) characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons.

  7. Condensed matter physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics

    e. Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases, that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons. More generally, the subject deals with condensed phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong ...

  8. Phase (matter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

    Category. v. t. e. In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water.

  9. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle), is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time. However, the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, salt water and ...