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Oscillopsia is a visual disturbance in which objects in the visual field appear to oscillate. The severity of the effect may range from a mild blurring to rapid and periodic jumping. [ 1] Oscillopsia is an incapacitating condition experienced by many patients with neurological disorders. [ 2] It may be the result of ocular instability occurring ...
Neurology. A demyelinating disease refers to any disease affecting the nervous system where the myelin sheath surrounding neurons is damaged. [ 1] This damage disrupts the transmission of signals through the affected nerves, resulting in a decrease in their conduction ability. Consequently, this reduction in conduction can lead to deficiencies ...
Episodic ataxia ( EA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia (severe discoordination) with or without myokymia (continuous muscle movement). There are seven types recognized but the majority are due to two recognized entities. [ 1] Ataxia can be provoked by psychological stress or startle, or heavy exertion ...
Neurology, Infectious disease. Post-viral cerebellar ataxia also known as acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia ( ACA) is a disease characterized by the sudden onset of ataxia following a viral infection. [ 1] The disease affects the function or structure of the cerebellum region in the brain.
Chédiak–Higashi syndrome. Chédiak–Higashi syndrome[ 1] ( CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that arises from a mutation of a lysosomal trafficking regulator protein, [ 2] which leads to a decrease in phagocytosis. The decrease in phagocytosis results in recurrent pyogenic infections, albinism, and peripheral neuropathy .
Friedreich's ataxia. Friedreich's ataxia ( FRDA or FA) is an autosomal-recessive genetic disease that causes difficulty walking, a loss of coordination in the arms and legs, and impaired speech that worsens over time. Symptoms generally start between 5 and 20 years of age.
Treatment. Immunotherapy. [ 2] Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, [ 3] first described by Edwin Bickerstaff in 1951. [ 4][ 5] It may also affect the peripheral nervous system, and has features in common with both Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus. The optokinetic reflex ( OKR ), also referred to as the optokinetic response, or optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), is a compensatory reflex that supports visual image stabilization. [ 1] The purpose of OKR is to prevent image blur on the retina that would otherwise occur when an animal moves its head or navigates ...