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Renal osteodystrophy is currently defined as an alteration of bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). [ 1] It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). [ 1][ 2][ 3] The term "renal osteodystrophy" was coined in 1943, [ 4] 60 years after ...
Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder ( CKD–MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease. It represents a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the following: [1] [2] Abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus ( phosphate ), parathyroid ...
These transport mechanisms play a role in familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia or Gitelman syndrome. Gitelman syndrome ( GS) is an autosomal recessive kidney tubule disorder characterized by low blood levels of potassium and magnesium, decreased excretion of calcium in the urine, and elevated blood pH. [ 2]
101,100 (2015) [ 9] Multiple myeloma ( MM ), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. [ 6] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [ 10] As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, and infections may occur. [ 10]
Metabolic bone disease. Metabolic bone disease is an abnormality of bones caused by a broad spectrum of disorders. Most commonly these disorders are caused by deficiencies of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or vitamin D leading to dramatic clinical disorders that are commonly reversible once the underlying defect has been treated.
Senile osteoporosis. Senile osteoporosis has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors. [1]
Osteopenia, known as " low bone mass " or " low bone density ", is a condition in which bone mineral density is low. [ 1] Because their bones are weaker, people with osteopenia may have a higher risk of fractures, and some people may go on to develop osteoporosis. [ 2] In 2010, 43 million older adults in the US had osteopenia. [ 3]
There are many bone disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, hypothyroidism. [2] Although there are many forms of bone disorders, they all have one thing in common; abnormalities of specific organs involved, deficiency in vitamin D or low Calcium in diet, which results in poor bone mineralization .