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3-Hydroxyisonicotinaldehyde (HINA), also known as 3-hydroxypyridine-4-carboxaldehyde, is a derivative of pyridine, with hydroxyl and aldehyde substituents. It has been studied as a simple analogue of vitamin B 6. In 2020, it was reported as having the lowest molecular weight of all dyes which exhibit green fluorescence. [2] [3]
The amide group can be involved in hydrogen bonding to other nitrogen- and oxygen-containing species.. The predominant solid state form is 2-pyridone. This has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography which shows that the hydrogen in solid state is closer to the nitrogen than to the oxygen (because of the low electron density at the hydrogen the exact positioning is difficult), and IR ...
Pyridine (data page) ... 12.3 ε 0 at 25 °C Bond strength ... Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. log 10 of Pyridine vapor pressure.
However, pyridine-3-sulfonic acid can be obtained. Reaction with the SO 3 group also facilitates addition of sulfur to the nitrogen atom, especially in the presence of a mercury(II) sulfate catalyst. [84] [93] In contrast to the sluggish nitrations and sulfonations, the bromination and chlorination of pyridine proceed well. [2]
2,6-dihydroxypyridine is a key intermediate in the degradation of nicotine by certain bacteria. The enzyme 2,6-dihydroxypyridine-3-hydroxylase, which is produced in Escherichia coli, is responsible for catalyzing the sixth step of nicotine degradation in the bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovoran. 2,6-dihydroxypyridine is hydroxylated by hydroperoxy-FAD.
4-Pyridone exists a keto-enol tautomerism with its enol tautomer 4-hydroxypyridine. In solution, the keto tautomer is favoured, [4] and the enol tautomer only becomes important in very dilute solutions or solutions of non-polar solvents.
It is an electrophilic source of oxygen that reacts with enolates and related structures, and thus can be used for alpha-hydroxylation of carbonyl-containing compounds. [3] Other reagents used for alpha-hydroxylation via enol or enolate structures include Davis oxaziridine , oxygen , and various peroxyacids (see Rubottom oxidation ).
It is the conjugate acid of pyridine. Many related cations are known involving substituted pyridines, e.g. picolines, lutidines, collidines. They are prepared by treating pyridine with acids. [3] As pyridine is often used as an organic base in chemical reactions, pyridinium salts are produced in many acid-base reactions.