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Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen. It is an umbrella term used to describe estrogen deficiency in various conditions. Estrogen deficiency is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, [1] and has been linked to diseases like urinary tract infections [2] and osteoporosis.
Commonly, the post-menopausal woman is not called hypogonadal if she is of typical menopausal age. Contrast with a young woman or teen, who would have hypogonadism rather than menopause. This is because hypogonadism is an abnormality, whereas menopause is a normal change in hormone levels.
Estrogen deficiency is a particularly common cause of sexual pain complaints related to vaginal atrophy among postmenopausal patients, and may be a result of similar changes in menstruating patients on hormonal birth control. [15] Estrogen deficiency is associated with lubrication inadequacy, which can lead to painful friction during intercourse.
Menopause is the state in which the menses ceasen to occur. This is seen throughout the years 49–52. [23] This termination of menses is associated with a dramatic drop in estrogen levels. The estrogen levels stated previously dramatically decrease to approximately 20 pg/ml [5] or less when menopause begins. Menopause falls under the umbrella ...
This is a shortened version of the third chapter of the ICD-9: Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders. It covers ICD codes 240 to 279 . The full chapter can be found on pages 145 to 165 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Breast atrophy is the normal or spontaneous atrophy or shrinkage of the breasts. [1]Breast atrophy commonly occurs in women during menopause when estrogen levels decrease. [2] [3] [4] It can also be caused by hypoestrogenism and/or hyperandrogenism in women in general, [1] such as in antiestrogen treatment for breast cancer, in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), [5] [6] and in malnutrition such ...
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS), or estrogen resistance, is a form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism [2] which is caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of estrogen to mediate its biological effects in the body. [3]
Given by subcutaneous injection in mice, estradiol is about 10-fold more potent than estrone and about 100-fold more potent than estriol. [46] [47] [48] As such, estradiol is the main estrogen in the body, although the roles of estrone and estriol as estrogens are said not to be negligible. [48