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Uterine serous carcinoma is a malignant form of serous tumor that originates in the uterus. It is an uncommon form of endometrial cancer that typically arises in postmenopausal women. It is typically diagnosed on endometrial biopsy , prompted by post-menopausal bleeding .
A. Low-magnification view shows a focal high-grade serous carcinoma developing from the papillae (square) in a background of a typical serous borderline tumor. B. Higher magnification demonstrates enlarged and atypical high-grade serous carcinoma cells that organize in a papillary architecture.
Endometrial carcinomas originate from cells in the glands of the endometrium (uterine lining). These include the common and readily treatable well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma, as well as the more aggressive uterine papillary serous carcinoma and uterine clear-cell carcinoma.
The initial treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery; 90% of women with endometrial cancer are treated with some form of surgery. [23] Surgical treatment typically consists of hysterectomy including a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which is the removal of the uterus, and both ovaries and Fallopian tubes.
Prognosis and treatment is the same as for the most common type of ovarian cancer, which is epithelial ovarian cancer. [6] [7] The median survival of primary peritoneal carcinomas is usually shorter by 2–6 months time when compared with serous ovarian cancer. Studies show median survival varies between 11.3 and 17.8 months.
Uterine clear cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive form of endometrial cancer. This is an example of a Type II endometrial carcinoma, meaning that it is unrelated to endometrial hyperplasia. Uterine clear cell tumors arise from an endometrium that has become thin and dry. [7] Patients usually present with abnormal uterine bleeding.
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a type of tumour that arises from the serous epithelial layer in the abdominopelvic cavity and is mainly found in the ovary. HGSCs make up the majority of ovarian cancer cases [ 1 ] and have the lowest survival rates. [ 2 ]
Primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC), also known as tubal cancer, is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the fallopian tube. [1] [3] Along with primary ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas, it is grouped under epithelial ovarian cancers; cancers of the ovary that originate from a fallopian tube precursor.