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OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections .
OBD-II is an improvement over OBD-I in both capability and standardization. The OBD-II standard specifies the type of diagnostic connector and its pinout, the electrical signalling protocols available, and the messaging format. It also provides a candidate list of vehicle parameters to monitor along with how to encode the data for each.
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The ELM327 is a programmed microcontroller produced for translating the on-board diagnostics (OBD) interface found in most modern cars. The ELM327 command protocol is one of the most popular PC-to-OBD interface standards and is also implemented by other vendors.
Rotor can be freely shifted a geometric angle α. This geometric angle is translated into electrical shifting between primary and secondary. Please note that: primary and secondary are isolated; voltage ratio is fixed as it is determined by the number of turns; phase shifting is determined by physical angular shifting; Diagram phase shifter
The data link connector (DLC) is the multi-pin diagnostic connection port for automobiles, trucks, and motorcycles used to interface a scan tool with the control modules of a given vehicle and access on-board diagnostics and live data streams.
Keyword Protocol 2000, abbreviated KWP2000, is a communications protocol used for on-board vehicle diagnostics systems (OBD). This protocol covers the application layer in the OSI model of computer networking. The protocol is standardized by International Organization for Standardization as ISO 14230.
The description of Mode 3 DTC parameter data seems to be specific to CAN-bus OBD-II ECUs. Older, pre-2003 OBD-II ECUs (i.e., J1850 VPW/PWM, ISO 9142-2 and Keyword 2000) pack DTC data into multiple OBD-II response packets somewhat differently. --Bruce D. Lightner 17:00, 14 December 2011 (UTC)