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  2. Parasocial contact hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasocial_contact_hypothesis

    [18] [19] A dissertation by Peter B. Gregg provided factor analysis of several studies focusing on parasocial responses and concluded that the specific variables and measures that should be used in future research depend on the aims of particular research projects, and that there is no reason to think that the range of measurable parasocial ...

  3. Estimation statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation_statistics

    Many significance tests have an estimation counterpart; [26] in almost every case, the test result (or its p-value) can be simply substituted with the effect size and a precision estimate. For example, instead of using Student's t-test, the analyst can compare two independent groups by calculating the mean difference and its 95% confidence ...

  4. Source criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_criticism

    Source criticism (or information evaluation) is the process of evaluating an information source, i.e.: a document, a person, a speech, a fingerprint, a photo, an observation, or anything used in order to obtain knowledge.

  5. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]

  6. Propensity score matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propensity_score_matching

    1. Estimate propensity scores, e.g. with logistic regression: Dependent variable: Z = 1, if unit participated (i.e. is member of the treatment group); Z = 0, if unit did not participate (i.e. is member of the control group). Choose appropriate confounders (variables hypothesized to be associated with both treatment and outcome)

  7. Estimation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation_theory

    Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component. The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data.

  8. Grounded theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounded_theory

    Grounded theory combines traditions in positivist philosophy, general sociology, and, particularly, the symbolic interactionist branch of sociology.According to Ralph, Birks and Chapman, [9] grounded theory is "methodologically dynamic" [7] in the sense that, rather than being a complete methodology, grounded theory provides a means of constructing methods to better understand situations ...

  9. Difference in differences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_in_differences

    Difference in differences (DID [1] or DD [2]) is a statistical technique used in econometrics and quantitative research in the social sciences that attempts to mimic an experimental research design using observational study data, by studying the differential effect of a treatment on a 'treatment group' versus a 'control group' in a natural experiment. [3]