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2. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

   A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the light's wavefronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. [1]

3. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

   The principal ray or chief ray (sometimes known as the b ray) in an optical system is the meridional ray that starts at an edge of an object and passes through the center of the aperture stop. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] [ 7 ] The distance between the chief ray (or an extension of it for a virtual image) and the optical axis at an image location defines the ...

4. Ray - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray

   Half-line (geometry) or ray, half of a line split at an initial point Directed half-line or ray, half of a directed or oriented line split at an initial point; Ray (graph theory), an infinite sequence of vertices such that each vertex appears at most once in the sequence and each two consecutive vertices in the sequence are the two endpoints of an edge in the graph

5. Line (geometry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_(geometry)

   A ray with a terminus at A, with two points B and C on the right. Given a line and any point A on it, we may consider A as decomposing this line into two parts. Each such part is called a ray and the point A is called its initial point. It is also known as half-line, a one-dimensional half-space. The point A is considered to be a member of the ray.

6. Geometrical acoustics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_acoustics

   Geometrical acoustics or ray acoustics is a branch of acoustics that studies propagation of sound on the basis of the concept of acoustic rays, defined as lines along which the acoustic energy is transported. [1] This concept is similar to geometrical optics, or ray optics, that studies light propagation in terms of optical rays.

7. Line–sphere intersection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line–sphere_intersection

   For example, it is a common calculation to perform during ray tracing. [1] Calculation using vectors in 3D. In vector notation, the equations are as follows: