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This is a timeline of space exploration which includes notable achievements, first accomplishments and milestones in humanity's exploration of outer space.. This timeline generally does not distinguish achievements by a specific country or private company, as it considers humanity as a whole.
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is an international 21st-century space observatory that was launched on 25 December 2021. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is intended to be the premier observatory of the 2020s, combining the largest mirror yet on a near-infrared space telescope with a suite of technologically advanced instruments from around the world.
This timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries is a chronological record of the development of humanity's understanding of the cosmos over the last two-plus millennia. Modern cosmological ideas follow the development of the scientific discipline of physical cosmology .
Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process. Multiple discovery sometimes occurs when multiple research groups discover the same phenomenon at about the same time, and scientific priority is often disputed. The listings below include some of the most significant people and ideas by date of publication or experiment.
28 BCE – Chinese history book Book of Han makes earliest known dated record of sunspot. [ 34 ] c. 150 CE – Claudius Ptolemy completes his work Almagest , that codifies the astronomical knowledge of his time and cements the geocentric model in the West, and it remained the most authoritative text on astronomy for more than 1,500 years.
Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. [7] [8] April 26 UK: Ariel 1: Thor-Delta: Earth Success: First British satellite in space (on American rocket) July 10 US: Telstar 1: Thor ...
The first revolutionary new wave of telescopes, the Keck's main mirror is made of 36 six-sided segments, with computers to control their alignment. New optical telescopes also make use of interferometry – improving resolution by combining images from separate telescopes.