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Chronic systemic inflammation (SI) is the result of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune-related cells and the chronic activation of the innate immune system.It can contribute to the development or progression of certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune and neurodegenerative ...
Inflammation is a generic response, and therefore is considered a mechanism of innate immunity, whereas adaptive immunity is specific to each pathogen. [2] Inflammation is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out ...
Guarding is a characteristic finding in the physical examination for an abruptly painful abdomen (an acute abdomen) with inflammation of the inner abdominal (peritoneal) surface due, for example, to appendicitis or diverticulitis. The tensed muscles of the abdominal wall automatically go into spasm to keep the tender underlying tissues from ...
SIRS is a serious condition related to systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. It is a subset of cytokine storm, in which there is abnormal regulation of various cytokines. [6] SIRS is also closely related to sepsis, in which patients satisfy criteria for SIRS and have a suspected or proven infection. [2] [3] [4] [7]
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. [8] Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp chest pain, which may also be felt in the shoulders, neck, or back. [1] The pain is typically less severe when sitting up and more severe when lying down or breathing deeply. [1]
Once the inflammation is successfully controlled, another drug to keep the disease in remission, such as mesalazine in UC, is the main treatment. If further treatment is required, a combination of an immunosuppressive drug (such as azathioprine) with mesalazine (which may also have an anti-inflammatory effect) may be needed, depending on the ...
This response can produce collateral damage of host tissue. To balance this, eosinophils are one component of "type 2 inflammation" that can begin to mend the tissue. As a result, eosinopenia may be a sign that the body has not mounted an appropriate type 2 inflammation response, so it may be doing more damage than normal to surrounding tissue. [5]
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.