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Acetyl chloride was first prepared in 1852 by French chemist Charles Gerhardt by treating potassium acetate with phosphoryl chloride. [4]Acetyl chloride is produced in the laboratory by the reaction of acetic acid with chlorodehydrating agents such as phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5), sulfuryl chloride (SO 2 Cl 2), phosgene, or thionyl chloride (SOCl 2).
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH 3 and the structure −C(=O)−CH 3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac [5] [6] (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group.
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written R−COCl, where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (R−C(=O)OH). A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH 3 COCl.
Acylium ions are intermediates in several reactions, such as the Friedel-Crafts acylation of arenes by acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminium trichloride: C 6 H 5 R + CH 3 CO + + AlCl − 4 → CH 3 COC 6 H 4 R + HCl + AlCl 3. Such depictions may be simplistic because of ion-pairing between the acetyl cation (an acylium cation) and the ...
Chemical formula. C 9 H 10 O 2: Molar mass: 150.177 g·mol −1 ... Acetanisole can be prepared synthetically by Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with acetyl chloride:
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The reactivity of these five classes of compounds covers a broad range; the relative reaction rates of acid chlorides and amides differ by a factor of 10 13. [2] A major factor in determining the reactivity of acyl derivatives is leaving group ability, which is related to acidity.
Phenyl acetate is the ester of phenol and acetic acid.It can be produced by reacting phenol with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.. Phenyl acetate can be separated into phenol and an acetate salt, via saponification: heating the phenyl acetate with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, will produce phenol and an acetate salt (sodium acetate, if sodium hydroxide were used).