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Pelvimetry is the measurement of the female pelvis. [1] It can theoretically identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion, which is when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. However, clinical evidence indicate that all pregnant women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry results.
An X-ray film obtained in the AP view of the pelvic inlet and outlet will show a marked gap between the pubic bones. [3] A normal pelvis will show a gap that is 4–5 mm. However, in pregnancy the hormonal influences cause relaxation of the connecting ligaments and the bones separate up to 9 mm. A gap measuring greater than 10 mm indicates a ...
A pelvic examination is the physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs. [1] It is frequently used in gynecology for the evaluation of symptoms affecting the female reproductive and urinary tract , such as pain, bleeding, discharge, urinary incontinence , or trauma (e.g. sexual assault).
X-ray of the hips of a 40-year-old female, with dysplasia of her right hip. In the adult hip there are important landmarks to be recognized on plain film radiographs: [ 3 ] The iliopectineal or iliopubic line is formed by the arcuate line of the ilium and the superior border of the superior pubic ramus up to the pubic symphysis.
The procedure begins by gently scraping or sampling the cells of the cervix using a special spatula, brush or swab. Some women experience temporary bleeding from this procedure. The scrapings are placed on a slide, covered with a fixative for later examination under a microscope to determine if they are normal or abnormal. [19]
Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs (specifically the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes) as well as the bladder, the adnexa, and the recto-uterine pouch. The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis.This ...
A hemivagina is the abnormal presence of a partial vagina that is attached to the wall of the functioning vagina. The hemivagina does not open to the normal vagina and is attached to an abnormal, second uterus. [59] Vaginal hypoplasia is the under-development of the vagina and is found in instances of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Vaginal stenosis is an abnormal condition in which the vagina becomes narrower and shorter due to the formation of fibrous tissue. [1] [2] Vaginal stenosis can contribute to sexual dysfunction, dyspareunia and make pelvic exams difficult and painful. [1] The lining of the vagina may also be thinner and drier and contain scar tissue.