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The hernia descends below the proximal (upper) third of the vagina in females, [2] or, according to another definition, below the pubococcygeal line (PCL). [ 3 ] [ note 1 ] According to a consensus statement by the USA, Australia and the UK, [ note 2 ] a cul-de-sac hernia / peritoneocele is defined as "a protrusion of the peritoneum between the ...
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [ 2 ]
Perineal hernia is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor).The hernia may contain fluid, fat, any part of the intestine, the rectum, or the bladder.It is known to occur in humans, dogs, and other mammals, and often appears as a sudden swelling to one side (sometimes both sides) of the anus.
Pelvic pain (possibly related to stretching of the mesentery of the contents of hernia because of gravity). The pain may get worse as the day goes on, and gets better by lying down. [1] Sensation of urge to defecate, even when rectum is empty (possbily related to the hernia pressing on the rectum). [10]
Sciatic hernia: this hernia in the greater sciatic foramen most commonly presents as an uncomfortable mass in the gluteal area. Bowel obstruction may also occur. This type of hernia is only a rare cause of sciatic neuralgia. Sports hernia: a hernia characterized by chronic groin pain in athletes and a dilated superficial inguinal ring.
Though pelvic floor dysfunction is thought to more commonly affect women, 16% of men have been identified with pelvic floor dysfunction. [13] Pelvic floor dysfunction and its multiple consequences, including urinary incontinence, is a concerning health issue becoming more evident as the population of advancing age individuals rises.
Other causes of pelvic floor prolapse can be advanced age, multiple vaginal deliveries, and birthing trauma. Birthing trauma includes vacuum delivery, forceps delivery , and perineal tear . In addition, a history of chronic constipation and excessive straining with bowel movements are thought to play a role in rectocele.
An obturator hernia is a rare type of hernia, encompassing 0.07-1% of all hernias, [2] of the pelvic floor in which pelvic or abdominal contents protrudes through the obturator foramen. The obturator foramen is formed by a branch of the ischial (lower and back hip bone) as well as the pubic bone.