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Sometimes the list labeling problem is presented where S is not a set of values but rather a set of objects subject to a total order. In this setting, when an item is inserted into S, it is specified to be the successor of some other item already in S. For example, this is the way that list labeling is used in the order-maintenance problem. The ...
The black set is the set of objects that can be shown to have no outgoing references to objects in the white set, and to be reachable from the roots. Objects in the black set are not candidates for collection. The grey set contains all objects reachable from the roots but yet to be scanned for references to "white" objects.
Pointers to deleted objects become wild pointers if used post-deletion; attempting to use such pointers can result in difficult-to-diagnose bugs. Languages which exclusively use garbage collection are known to avoid the last two classes of defects. Memory leaks can still occur (and bounded leaks frequently occur with generational or ...
Type sensitivity is a variant of object sensitivity where the allocation site of the receiver object is replaced by the class/type containing the method containing the allocation site of the receiver object. [13] This results in strictly fewer contexts than would be used in an object-sensitive analysis, which generally means better performance.
To expose dangling pointer errors, one common programming technique is to set pointers to the null pointer or to an invalid address once the storage they point to has been released. When the null pointer is dereferenced (in most languages) the program will immediately terminate—there is no potential for data corruption or unpredictable behavior.
A free list (or freelist) is a data structure used in a scheme for dynamic memory allocation. It operates by connecting unallocated regions of memory together in a linked list, using the first word of each unallocated region as a pointer to the next. It is most suitable for allocating from a memory pool, where all objects have the same size.
While the indexes in a Set object are unique, each index in a Bag object can appear more than once. [30] An OrderedCollection is a mixin class that defines the basic methods for all collections that have an inherent index order, such as the List, Queue, CircularQueue and Array classes. A List object allows new items, for which a new index is ...
Hazard pointers can be used to address both of these problems. In a hazard-pointer system, each thread keeps a list of hazard pointers indicating which nodes the thread is currently accessing. (In many systems this "list" may be probably limited to only one [1] [2] or two elements.) Nodes on the hazard pointer list must not be modified or ...