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C 4 (approximately 261.626 Hz [3]) may be called Low C by someone playing a Western concert flute, which has a higher and narrower playing range than the piano, while C 5 (523.251 Hz) would be middle C. This practice has led some to encourage standardizing on C 4 as the definitive middle C in instructional materials across all instruments. [4]
The octave number increases by 1 upon an ascension from B to C. Thus, A 0 refers to the first A above C 0 and middle C (the one-line octave's C or simply c′) is denoted as C 4 in SPN. For example, C 4 is one note above B 3, and A 5 is one note above G 5.
Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C 4) being set to 256 Hz rather than approximately 261.63 Hz, [1] making it approximately 31.77 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard.
Note: these piano key numbers 1-108 are not the n keys in the equations or the table.) Piano key number MIDI note number ... C 4 Middle C: 40 261.6256 C 39 59 b B 3: 39
The center of a C clef points to the line representing middle C. The first illustration here is centered on the third line on the staff, making that line middle C. When placed there, the clef is called alto clef, mainly used for the viola but sometimes used for other instruments.
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In scientific pitch notation, a specific octave is indicated by a numerical subscript number after note name. In this notation, middle C is C 4, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C 5.
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