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  2. Superplasticizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticizer

    Superplasticizers greatly improve the fluidity and the rheology of fresh concrete. The concrete strength increases when the water-to-cement ratio decreases because avoiding to add water in excess only for maintaining a better workability of fresh concrete results in a lower porosity of the hardened concrete, and so to a better resistance to ...

  3. Plasticizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizer

    PVC, used extensively in sewage pipes, is only useful because of plasticizers. [1]A plasticizer (UK: plasticiser) is a substance that is added to a material to make it softer and more flexible, to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, and/or to decrease friction during its handling in manufacture.

  4. Superplasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticity

    In materials science, superplasticity is a state in which solid crystalline material is deformed well beyond its usual breaking point, usually over about 400% during tensile deformation. [1]

  5. Phosphonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonate

    Superplasticizers are concrete admixtures designed to increase the concrete fluidity and workability of concrete or to decrease its water-to-cement (w/c) ratio. By reducing the water content in concrete, it decreases its porosity, improving so the mechanical properties (compressive and tensile strength) and the durability of concrete (lower ...

  6. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...

  7. Superabsorbent polymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer

    Superabsorbent polymer powder. A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass.

  8. Polymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

    IUPAC definition A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. [ 2 ] A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

  9. Lignosulfonates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignosulfonates

    Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. [1] Most delignification in sulfite pulping involves acidic cleavage of ether bonds, which connect many of the constituents of lignin. [2]