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Quaternary ammonium compounds are prepared by the alkylation of tertiary amine. Industrial production of commodity quat salts usually involves hydrogenation of fatty nitriles, which can generate primary or secondary amines. These amines are then treated with methyl chloride. [4] The quaternization of alkyl amines by alkyl halides is widely ...
Examples of cyclic amines include the 3-membered ring aziridine and the six-membered ring piperidine. N-methylpiperidine and N-phenylpiperidine are examples of cyclic tertiary amines. It is also possible to have four organic substituents on the nitrogen. These species are not amines but are quaternary ammonium cations and have a charged ...
Quaternary ammonium compounds are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR 4 + with R being alkyl or aryl groups. The R groups may also be connected. The R groups may also be connected. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quaternary ammonium compounds .
In chemistry, a quaternary compound is a compound consisting of exactly four chemical elements. In another use of the term in organic chemistry , a quaternary compound is or has a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic ( alkyl and aryl ) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms.
For example 1-bromododecane reacts with dimethyl amine: RBr + HNMe 2 → RNMe 2 + HBr. By reaction with tertiary amines, long-chain alkyl bromides give quaternary ammonium salts, which are used as phase transfer catalysts. [6] Secondary and tertiary amines may also be produced by the Leuckart reaction.
Quaternary is a term used in organic chemistry to classify various types of compounds (e. g. amines and ammonium salts). [ 1 ] Red highlighted central atoms in various groups of chemical compounds.
An example of a Hofmann elimination (not involving a contrast between a Zaitsev product and a Hofmann product) is the synthesis of trans-cyclooctene. [4] The trans isomer is selectively trapped as a complex with silver nitrate (in this diagram the trans form looks like a cis form, but see the trans-cyclooctene article for better images):
For example, amines or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and can thus act as proton acceptors. [1] Examples include: pyridine; alkylamines, such as methylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; histidine; guanidine; phosphazene bases; hydroxides of quaternary ammonium cations or some other ...