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An electronic bill of lading (or eB/L) is the legal and functional equivalent of a paper bill of lading. [27] An electronic bill of lading must replicate the core functions of a paper bill of lading, [28] namely its functions as a receipt, as evidence of or containing the contract of carriage and as a document of title. [citation needed]
Also, although Article III(4) declares a bill of lading to be a mere "prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods", the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 section 4 upgrades a bill of lading to be "conclusive evidence of receipt".
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) [1] is a United States statute governing the rights and responsibilities between shippers of cargo and ship-owners regarding ocean shipments to and from the United States. It is the U.S. enactment of the International Convention Regarding Bills of Lading, commonly known as the "Hague Rules".
Consignees (or indeed any lawful holder of the bill of lading) [6] who wishes to make a cargo claim because their goods are substandard or have been lost or damaged at sea, typically have four options: They may sue the seller, the shipper, or the carrier; or they may claim from their own insurance policy.
The Standard Carrier Alpha Code, a two-to-four letter identification, is used by the transportation industry to identify freight carriers in computer systems and shipping documents such as Bill of Lading, Freight Bill, Packing List, and Purchase Order.
The Hague Rules of 1924 (formally the "International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, and Protocol of Signature") [1] is an international convention to impose minimum standards upon commercial carriers of goods by sea.
In some cases, a single document may serve both purposes. In general, a bill of lading serves as a legal instrument focusing on and documenting such issues as ownership, whereas a cargo manifest is often more concerned with physical aspects of the cargo, such as weight and size. When the cargo is being shipped by several different shipping ...
Ownership of a cargo is independent of Incoterms, which relate to delivery and risk. In international trade, ownership of the cargo is defined by the contract of sale and the bill of lading or waybill.
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related to: ocean bill of lading meaning