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These memory B cells are promptly reactivated upon infection with the antigen and can effectively protect the organism from disease. [22] Long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells are responsible for the long-term humoral immunity elicited by most vaccines
Memory B cells are plasma cells that are able to produce antibodies for a long time. Unlike the naive B cells involved in the primary immune response the memory B cell response is slightly different. The memory B cell has already undergone clonal expansion, differentiation and affinity maturation, so it is able to divide multiple times faster ...
About 10% of plasma cells survive to become long-lived antigen-specific memory B cells. [3] ... They work as a kind of acquired immune system for bacteria. [27] [28]
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells. Throughout the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells remember each specific pathogen encountered and can mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again.
The B cells with the greatest affinity will then be selected to differentiate into plasma cells producing antibody and long-lived memory B cells contributing to enhanced immune responses upon reinfection. [2] The hypermutation process also utilizes cells that auto-select against the 'signature' of an organism's own cells.
Some memory B cells can be activated without T cell help, such as certain virus-specific memory B cells, but others need T cell help. [26] Upon antigen binding, the memory B cell takes up the antigen through receptor-mediated endocytosis, degrades it, and presents it to T cells as peptide pieces in complex with MHC-II molecules on the cell ...
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These daughter cells either become plasma cells or memory cells. The memory B cells remain inactive here; later, when these memory B cells encounter the same antigen due to reinfection, they divide and form plasma cells. On the other hand, the plasma cells produce a large number of antibodies which are released freely into the circulatory system.