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Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, [1] in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane . It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol .
The STG+ process uses standard catalysts similar to those used in other gas to liquids technologies, specifically in methanol to gasoline processes. Methanol to gasoline processes favor molecular size- and shape-selective zeolite catalysts, [2] and the STG+ process also utilizes commercially available shape-selective catalysts, such as ZSM-5. [3]
The former may be used as a fuel for gas boilers and diesel-generators or as syngas for producing gasoline, etc., the latter - as a technological fuel in metallurgy, as a chemical absorbent or as raw material for household fuel briquettes. Combustion of the product gas in gas boilers is ecologically cleaner than combustion of initial coal.
The plant uses GE Energy's (formerly owned by Texaco), entrained-flow, oxygen-blown gasifier [10] to produce syngas from coal or petroleum coke which feeds a combined-cycle turbine system to produce electricity. The IGCC unit consumes 2,200 TPD of bituminous coal, producing 260 MW of electricity.
Syngas fermentation, also known as synthesis gas fermentation, is a microbial process. In this process, a mixture of hydrogen , carbon monoxide , and carbon dioxide , known as syngas , is used as carbon and energy sources, and then converted into fuel and chemicals by microorganisms .
Syngas is most commonly burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer–Tropsch process into synthetic fuel. For some materials gasification can be an alternative to landfilling and incineration, resulting in lowered emissions of atmospheric pollutants such as methane and particulates.
Methanol Synthesis: Syngas is fed to Reactor 1, the first of four reactors, which converts most of the syngas (CO and H 2) to methanol (CH 3 OH) when passing through the catalyst bed. Dimethyl Ether (DME) Synthesis: The methanol-rich gas from Reactor 1 is next fed to Reactor 2, the second STG+ reactor.
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas. [1]