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A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers ... Extensive felsic lava flows are uncommon, ...
Explosion craters form where either hot lava or pyroclastic flows have covered either marshy ground or water-saturated ground of some sort. Hornitos are rootless cones that are composed of welded lava fragments and were formed on the surface of basaltic lava flows by the escape of gas and clots of molten lava through cracks or other openings in ...
The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...
The main crater is about two kilometres (1 mi) wide and usually contains a lava lake. The crater presently has two distinct cooled lava benches within the crater walls – one at about 3,175 m (10,417 ft) and a lower one at about 2,975 m (9,760 ft). Nyiragongo's lava lake has at times been the most voluminous known lava lake in recent history.
Thus, it often burrows out along the bottom of the cinder cone, lifting the less dense cinders like corks on water, and advances outward, creating a lava flow around the cone's base. [8] When the eruption ends, a symmetrical cone of cinders sits at the center of a surrounding pad of lava. [8]
The stratovolcano is made up of pyroclastic rocks and stubby lava flows, which form a 2.2-kilometre (1.4 mi) thick pile. [39] On the northwestern foot, there is a rhyolitic landform named "Hijo de Misti" ("son of Misti"). [67]
The lava flows cover one quarter of the island (an area of about 225 km 2 (87 sq mi)) with some of the flows reaching about 50 m (160 ft) in thickness. It is the largest historical eruption in the Canary Islands, and the third largest subaerial fissure eruption of basaltic lava on Earth in the last 1,100 years.
Mount Tambora is still active and minor lava domes and flows have been extruded on the caldera floor during the 19th and 20th centuries. [1] The last eruption was recorded in 1967. However, it was a gentle eruption with a VEI of 0, which means it was non-explosive.