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  2. Computer performance by orders of magnitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_performance_by...

    40×10 3: multiplication on Hewlett-Packard 9100A early desktop electronic calculator, 1968; 53×10 3: Lincoln TX-2 transistor-based computer, 1958 [2] 92×10 3: Intel 4004, first commercially available full function CPU on a chip, released in 1971; 500×10 3: Colossus computer vacuum tube cryptanalytic supercomputer, 1943

  3. Orders of magnitude (data) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)

    262,144 bits (32 kibibytes) - RAM capacity of Matra Alice 90: 393,216 bits (48 kibibytes) - RAM capacity of 48K ZX Spectrum: 506 kilobits – approximate size of this article as of 20 May 2019 2 19: 524,288 bits (64 kibibytes) – RAM capacity of popular 8-bit computers like the C-64, Amstrad CPC etc. 10 6: megabit (Mbit) 1,000,000 bits 2 20 ...

  4. Memory timings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_timings

    The time to read the first bit of memory from a DRAM without an active row is T RCD + CL. Row Precharge Time T RP: The minimum number of clock cycles required between issuing the precharge command and opening the next row. The time to read the first bit of memory from a DRAM with the wrong row open is T RP + T RCD + CL. Row Active Time T RAS

  5. Memory hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_hierarchy

    The number of levels in the memory hierarchy and the performance at each level has increased over time. The type of memory or storage components also change historically. [6] For example, the memory hierarchy of an Intel Haswell Mobile [7] processor circa 2013 is: Processor registers – the fastest possible access (usually 1 CPU cycle). A few ...

  6. Computer memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_memory

    Historical lowest retail price of computer memory and storage Electromechanical memory used in the IBM 602, an early punch multiplying calculator Detail of the back of a section of ENIAC, showing vacuum tubes Williams tube used as memory in the IAS computer c. 1951 8 GB microSDHC card on top of 8 bytes of magnetic-core memory (1 core is 1 bit.)

  7. Random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory

    The use of semiconductor RAM dates back to 1965 when IBM introduced the monolithic (single-chip) 16-bit SP95 SRAM chip for their System/360 Model 95 computer, and Toshiba used bipolar DRAM memory cells for its 180-bit Toscal BC-1411 electronic calculator, both based on bipolar transistors.

  8. Static random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_random-access_memory

    RAM with an access time of 70 ns will output valid data within 70 ns from the time that the address lines are valid. Some SRAM cells have a page mode, where words of a page (256, 512, or 1024 words) can be read sequentially with a significantly shorter access time (typically approximately 30 ns). The page is selected by setting the upper ...

  9. Ferroelectric RAM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroelectric_RAM

    Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM, F-RAM or FRAM) is a random-access memory similar in construction to DRAM but using a ferroelectric layer instead of a dielectric layer to achieve non-volatility. FeRAM is one of a growing number of alternative non-volatile random-access memory technologies that offer the same functionality as flash memory .