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The Grand Duchy of Baden was a state within the German Confederation until 1866 and the German Empire until 1918, succeeded by the Republic of Baden within the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. From 1945 to 1952, South Baden and Württemberg-Baden were territories under French and American occupation, respectively.
Baden-Württemberg is formed from the historical territories of Württemberg, Baden and Prussian Hohenzollern. [14] Baden spans along the flat right bank of the river Rhine from north-west to the south (Lake Constance) of the present state, whereas Württemberg and Hohenzollern lay more inland and hillier, including areas such as the Swabian Jura mountain range.
After the seizure of power by the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) in the year 1933, the state borders initially remained unchanged. The state of Baden, the state of Württemberg and the Hohenzollern states (the government district of Sigmaringen) continued to exist, albeit with much less autonomy with regard to the Reich.
Railways were run by the state as the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway (Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen). A rail-line ran mostly parallel with the Rhine, with oblique branches from East to West. Mannheim was the great market centre for exports down the Rhine and had substantial river traffic. It was also the chief manufacturing ...
The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen states. [a] Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen (with its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven) are called Stadtstaaten ("city-states"), while the other thirteen states are called Flächenländer ("area states") and include Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia, which describe themselves as Freistaaten ("free states").
The Grand Duchy of Baden was an independent state in what is now southwestern Germany until the creation of the German Empire in 1871. It had its own state-owned railway company, the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways ( Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen or G.Bad.St.E. ), which was founded in 1840.
The Baden Revolution (German: Badische Revolution) of 1848/1849 was a regional uprising in the Grand Duchy of Baden which was part of the revolutionary unrest that gripped almost all of Central Europe at that time.
Kurt Eisner, Independent Social Democratic (USPD) Minister-President of the People's State of Bavaria, was assassinated on 21 February 1919.The Baden USPD and Communist Party of Germany (KPD) held a demonstration mourning Eisner in Mannheim on 22 February, which was attended by 10,000-40,000 people.