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Erik Erikson and Carl Jung proposed stage theories [2] [3] of human development that encompass the entire life span, and emphasized the potential for positive change very late in life. The concept of adulthood has legal and socio-cultural definitions. The legal definition [4] of an adult is a person who is fully grown or developed.
Heckhausen worked with Richard Schulz and formulated the life-span theory of control, their journal article was published in 1995 as A life-span theory of control. [2] Further developments of their conceptual framework into a motivational theory of life-span development were published with co-author Carsten Wrosch in 2010 and 2019.
Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan. [1] Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling, and behaviors change throughout life.
It is described as the most challenging yet most rewarding phase of adulthood. Mehta et al. (2020) state that "During this period of the life span most adults must negotiate the intersecting demands of progressing in a chosen career, maintaining an intimate partnership, and caring for children.
Life-span psychology can be defined as the exploration of biological, cognitive, and psychosocial changes and constancies that occur throughout the course of life. [6] It has been presented as a theoretical perspective, proposing several fundamental, theoretical, and methodological principles about the nature of human development.
Humans may have already reached peak life span, new research suggests. Researchers found that since 1990, the average lifespan has only risen 6.5 years. Experts explain the findings.
The development of the human mind is complex and a debated subject, and may take place in a continuous or discontinuous fashion. [4] Continuous development, like the height of a child, is measurable and quantitative, while discontinuous development is qualitative, like hair or skin color, where those traits fall only under a few specific phenotypes. [5]
Development at this stage also includes periods of reevaluation regarding life satisfaction, sustainment of active involvement, and developing a sense of health maintenance. [41] Developmental conflicts may arise in this stage, but psychological growth in earlier stages can help significantly in resolving these conflicts.