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By the end of the 20th century, retardation and retard become widely seen as disparaging, politically incorrect, and in need of replacement. [88] Usage has changed over the years and differed from country to country. For example, mental retardation in some contexts covers the whole field, but it previously applied to people with milder impairments.
There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
She worked with her parents to have the words "mentally retarded" officially removed from health and education code in Maryland, her home state. [15] With this new law, "mental retardation" and "mentally retarded" no longer exist in federal health or education and labor policy. The rights of individuals with disabilities would remain the same. [13]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 January 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric disorder ...
It fell out of professional use in the 20th century in favor of mental retardation. [13] Phrases such as "mental retardation", "mentally retarded", and "retarded" are also subject to the euphemism treadmill: initially used in a medical manner, they gradually took on derogatory connotation.
This is a list of mental disorders as defined in the DSM-IV, the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Published by the American Psychiatry Association (APA), it was released in May 1994, [1] superseding the DSM-III-R (1987).
Mental disorder, also called mental illness or psychiatric disorder, a behavioral or mental pattern that causes impairment of personal functioning Neurodevelopmental disorder, a disorder of brain function; Emotional and behavioral disorders, a disability classification used in educational settings
Mental retardation (more commonly referred to as intellectual disability [39] [40]) is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of themselves, and social skills. In children, these limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child.