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An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic. [1]
A disease or condition is not a pandemic merely because it is widespread or kills many people; it must also be infectious. For instance, cancer is responsible for many deaths but is not considered a pandemic because the disease is not contagious—i.e. easily transmissible—and not even simply infectious. [15]
The first plague pandemic was the first historically recorded Old World pandemic of plague, the contagious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Also called the early medieval pandemic, it began with the Plague of Justinian in 541 and continued until 750 or 767. At least fifteen to eighteen major waves of plague following the ...
Caused outbreaks in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Pigs Enteritis: Porcine coronavirus HKU15 (PorCov‑HKU15) 2014 Discovered in Hong Kong, China. [37] Humans Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), a strain of SARSr‑CoV: 2019 Discovered in Wuhan, China. [38] [39] Caused the COVID-19 ...
Some good news: The mutation of one specific gene, called FUT2, can help protect a lucky minority of the population from norovirus. And, you can have the mutation even if you have type O blood.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
An epidemic's end can be considered a social phenomenon, not just a biological one. [13] Time reported in March 2024 that expert opinions differ on whether or not COVID-19 is currently considered endemic or pandemic, and that the WHO continued to call the disease a pandemic on its website. [11]
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone. If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken. Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically resolves on its own. Under research [15] [16] Sin Nombre ...