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IC codes refer to a police officer's visual assessment of the ethnicity of a person, and are used in the quick transmission of basic visual information, such as over radio. [4] They differ from self-defined ethnicity (SDE, or "18+1") codes, which refer to how a person describes their own ethnicity. [ 4 ]
Under the narrow definition, racial profiling occurs when a police officer stops and/or searches someone solely on the basis of the person's race or ethnicity... Under the broader definition, racial profiling occurs whenever police routinely use race as a factor that, along with an accumulation of other factors, causes an officer to react with ...
Police officers convicted of crimes by nationality (15 C) Women police officers by nationality (8 C) * Fictional police officers by nationality (13 C) A.
Race has been a factor in the United States criminal justice system since the system's beginnings, as the nation was founded on Native American soil. [32] It continues to be a factor throughout United States history through the present, with organizations such as Black Lives Matter calling for decarceration through divestment from police and prisons and reinvestment in public education and ...
The Dallas Police Department, established in 1881, ... Race/Ethnicity Demographics of the DPD Race/Ethnicity 2008 2016 White 57% 50% African American 24% 26%
Private police officers are generally required to be licensed the same as a regular police officer and have the same powers as a regular law enforcement officer (even if sometimes limited to the properties they are assigned to protect). A specific type of private police is company police, such as railroad police.
One 2014 study involving such a simulation found that police officers were not more likely to shoot black targets (although undergraduates in the same position were). [68] Another, from Washington State University, found police officers were three times more likely to shoot unarmed white simulated suspects as to shoot black ones. The latter ...
The Detroit Police Department has one of the largest percentages of Black officers of any major city police department, reflecting current overall city demographics. Lawsuits alleging discrimination stemming from the influence of affirmative action and allegations of race-based promotional bias for executive positions have surfaced repeatedly.