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  2. William Williams Keen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Williams_Keen

    He was known in the international medical community for inventing brain surgery procedures, including drainage of the cerebral ventricles and removal of brain tumors. Keen also performed the first craniectomy for microcephalus ; [ 6 ] however, this technique was met with harsh criticism and had relatively little success.

  3. Craniotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniotomy

    A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain lesions, such as tumors, blood clots, removal of foreign bodies such as bullets, or traumatic brain injury, and can also allow doctors to surgically implant devices, such as deep brain ...

  4. Awake craniotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awake_craniotomy

    Awake craniotomy is a neurosurgical technique and type of craniotomy that allows a surgeon to remove a brain tumor while the patient is awake to avoid brain damage.During the surgery, the neurosurgeon performs cortical mapping to identify vital areas, called the "eloquent brain", that should not be disturbed while removing the tumor.

  5. Hemispherectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherectomy

    Hemispherectomy is a surgery that is performed by a neurosurgeon where an unhealthy hemisphere of the brain is disconnected or removed. There are two types of hemispherectomy. Functional hemispherectomy refers to when the diseased brain is simply disconnected so that it can no longer send signals to the rest of the brain and body.

  6. Neurosurgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosurgery

    Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. [1]

  7. Trepanning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepanning

    Detail from The Extraction of the Stone of Madness, a painting by Hieronymus Bosch depicting trepanation (c. 1488–1516). Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole (the verb trepan derives from Old French from Medieval Latin trepanum from Greek trúpanon, literally "borer, auger"), [1] [2] is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or ...

  8. Decompressive craniectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decompressive_craniectomy

    Decompressive craniectomy (crani-+ -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling or herniating brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Chiari malformation, and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure. Use of ...

  9. Epilepsy surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy_surgery

    If the surgery is performed on very young patients (2–5 years old), then the remaining hemisphere may acquire some motor control of the ipsilateral body due to neuroplasticity; in older patients, paralysis results on the side of the body opposite to the part of the brain that was removed with less prospect for recovery.