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John Balliol or John de Balliol [1] (c. 1249 – late 1314), known derisively as Toom Tabard (meaning 'empty coat'), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. Little is known of his early life.
The derisive Scots nickname of "Toom Tabard" for John Balliol (c. 1249 – 1314) may originate from either an alleged incident where his arms were stripped from his tabard in public, [8] or a reference to the Balliol arms which are a plain shield with an orle, also known as an inescutcheon voided. [9]
John Balliol, An Historical Drama In Five Acts (1825) by William Tennant is a royalist play written from a peasants perspective. [1] John Balliol is depicted as "a weak leader", influenced by his mother Dervorguilla of Galloway, and his rival Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale is depicted as a "noble hero".
Toom Tabard ("Empty Cloak") (Iain Balliol) 1292–1296 c. 1249: Isabella de Warenne 9 February 1281 at least one son c. 25 November 1314 Picardy, France. great-great-great-grandson of King David I (election)
Antony Bek, the Bishop of Durham, ripped the red and gold arms of Scotland from his surcoat, thus bequeathing to history the nickname Toom Tabard (empty coat) by which John has been known to generations of Scottish schoolchildren.
John's weakness disgusted the Scots, who gave him insulting names such as "Toom Tabard" or "Empty Coat". John finally renounced his homage to England in March 1296. That same month, Edward invaded Scotland and stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the town and directly threatening the Scottish crown.
Various guesses as to its meaning and a list of examples of its use for legal instruments both in England and Scotland can be found in the preface to the Bannatyne Club's volume, and in Jamiesons Scottish Dictionary, s.v. Ragman. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable defines "Ragman Roll" as follows:
Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of "Toom Tabard" (empty coat). By July, Edward had instructed his officers to receive formal homage from some 1,800 Scottish nobles (many of the rest being prisoners of war at that time). [26]