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The Jumanos stated that they received instruction from "a lady in blue", believed to be Sister Mary of Jesus of Ágreda. [ 19 ] Scholars estimate that in 1580, the population of Native Americans, partially or wholly Jumano, living along the Rio Grande and the Pecos River was somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000. [ 1 ]
Confusion is rife concerning the complex mix of Indigenous peoples who lived near the Rio Grande in west Texas and northern Mexico. They are often collectively called Jumanos, a name which could only be applied to the Plains Indians who lived in the Pecos River and Concho River valleys of Texas but traveled to and traded with the people in the Rio Grande Valley. [5]
The Jumanos Pueblos were several villages of the Tompiro Indians in the mountainous area of central New Mexico between Chupadera Mesa and the Gallinas Mountains including Pueblo Colorado, Pueblo Blanco (Tabirá), and the smaller Pueblo de la Mesa (LA 2091). [1] [2] Usually the group includes the addition of Gran Quivira and Pueblo Pardo. [3]
Gran Quivira, also known as Las Humanas, was one of the Jumanos Pueblos of the Tompiro Indians in the mountainous area of central New Mexico.It was a center of the salt trade prior to the Spanish incursion into the region and traded heavily to the south with the Jumanos of the area of modern Presidio, Texas and other central Rio Grande areas.
The Toboso people were an Indigenous group of what is today the northern Bolsón de Mapimí region. They were associated with the Jumano and are sometimes identified as having been part of the Jumano people.
It appears that Sabeata, the Jumanos, and other Indian tribes now spent the winters living on the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Texas and summers hunting buffalo in the Texas Hill Country near the Guadalupe River, apparently pushed out of their homeland along the Concho River further north. Sabeata also apparently made frequent visits to Spanish ...
Antonio de Espejo (c. 1540–1585) was a Spanish explorer who led an expedition, accompanied by Diego Perez de Luxan, into what is now New Mexico and Arizona in 1582–83. [1] [2] The expedition created interest in establishing a Spanish colony among the Pueblo Indians of the Rio Grande valley.
Salas and Fray Diego León visited the Jumanos country in July 1629, about 300 miles (480 km) to the ESE of Isleta, working with them for several months. [1] When de Salas and López reached the Jumanos they found that they already had a good understanding of Christian teachings, which they put down to the work of the Lady in Blue.