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For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a low voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off.
The popularity of Minecraft mods has been credited for helping Minecraft become one of the best-selling video games of all time. The first Minecraft mods worked by decompiling and modifying the Java source code of the game. The original version of the game, now called Minecraft: Java Edition, is still modded this way, but with more advanced tools.
Steve is one of nine default character skins that are available to new players of Minecraft. [16] [17] A skin is the appearance of the player's avatar that represents the player in the game world, which can be changed, altered, or replaced by the player. [18]
The transistor continuously monitors V diff and adjusts its emitter voltage to equal V in minus the mostly constant V BE (approximately one diode forward voltage drop) by passing the collector current through the emitter resistor R E. As a result, the output voltage follows the input voltage variations from V BE up to V +; hence the name ...
The electrode surface properties determine the magnitude of electron emission current and electric potential at the electrode surfaces, and the plasma properties determine the transport of electron current from the emitter to the collector. All practical thermionic converters to date employ caesium vapor between the electrodes, which determines ...
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Because comparators have only two output states, their outputs are either near zero or near the supply voltage. Bipolar rail-to-rail comparators have a common-emitter output that produces a small voltage drop between the output and each rail. That drop is equal to the collector-to-emitter voltage of a saturated transistor.
The collector–emitter current can be viewed as being controlled by the base–emitter current (current control), or by the base–emitter voltage (voltage control). These views are related by the current–voltage relation of the base–emitter junction, which is the usual exponential current–voltage curve of a p–n junction (diode).