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For example, a common case is a tetrahedral carbon bonded to four distinct groups a, b, c, and d (Cabcd), where swapping any two groups (e.g., Cbacd) leads to a stereoisomer of the original, so the central C is a stereocenter. Many chiral molecules have point chirality, namely a single chiral stereogenic center that coincides with an atom.
In a simple open-chain monosaccharide, every carbon is chiral except the first and the last atoms of the chain, and (in ketoses) the carbon with the keto group. For example, the triketose H(CHOH)(C=O)(CHOH)H (glycerone, dihydroxyacetone) has no stereogenic center, and therefore exists as a single stereoisomer. The other triose, the aldose H(C=O ...
Chirality (/ kaɪˈrælɪti /) is a property of asymmetry important in several branches of science. The word chirality is derived from the Greek χείρ (kheir), "hand", a familiar chiral object. An object or a system is chiral if it is distinguishable from its mirror image; that is, it cannot be superposed (not to be confused with ...
Absolute configuration. In chemistry, absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecular entity (or group) that is chiral, and its resultant stereochemical description. [1] Absolute configuration is typically relevant in organic molecules where carbon is bonded to four different substituents.
Monosaccharide nomenclature is the naming system of the building blocks of carbohydrates, the monosaccharides, which may be monomers or part of a larger polymer. Monosaccharides are subunits that cannot be further hydrolysed in to simpler units. Depending on the number of carbon atom they are further classified into trioses, tetroses, pentoses ...
The molecular configuration of a molecule is the permanent geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. [1] The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism. This is distinct from constitutional isomerism which arises from atoms being connected in a different ...
Allenes. In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (R2C=C=CR2, where R is H or some organyl group). [1] Allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. The parent compound of this class is propadiene (H2C=C=CH2), which is itself also called allene.
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group.