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Inclusive fitness is the number of offspring equivalents that an individual rears, rescues or otherwise supports through its behaviour (regardless of who begets them) An individual's own child, who carries one half of the individual's genes, is defined as one offspring equivalent. A sibling's child, who will carry one-quarter of the individual ...
Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even when at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction. [ 1 ] Kin selection can lead to the evolution of altruistic behaviour. It is related to inclusive fitness, which combines ...
1. To abstract from the historical process and to define the religious sentiment regarded by itself, and to presuppose an abstract — isolated - human individual. 2. The essence therefore can by him only be regarded as 'species', as an inner 'dumb' generality which unites many individuals only in a natural way.
The result of fitting a set of data points with a quadratic function Conic fitting a set of points using least-squares approximation. The method of least squares is a parameter estimation method in regression analysis based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the ...
An American nuclear family composed of the mother, father, and their children, c.1955. A nuclear family (also known as an elementary family, atomic family, or conjugal family) is a family group consisting of parents and their children (one or more), typically living in one home residence. It is in contrast to a single-parent family, a larger ...
Family (from Latin: familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. [1] Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as members mature and learn to participate in the community. [2]
The least-squares fit is a common method to fit a straight line through the data. This method minimizes the sum of the squared errors in the data series y {\displaystyle y} . Given a set of points in time t {\displaystyle t} and data values y t {\displaystyle y_{t}} observed for those points in time, values of a ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {a}}} and ...
v. t. e. In statistics, simple linear regression (SLR) is a linear regression model with a single explanatory variable. [1][2][3][4][5] That is, it concerns two-dimensional sample points with one independent variable and one dependent variable (conventionally, the x and y coordinates in a Cartesian coordinate system) and finds a linear function ...