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[4] [5] Though the Muslim dynasties in India were diverse in origin, they were linked together by the Persianate culture and Islam. The height of Islamic rule was marked during the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707), during which the Fatawa Alamgiri was compiled, which briefly served as the legal system of Mughal Empire. [6]
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries, establishing the Indo-Muslim period. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Earlier Muslim conquests in the subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century.
The Buland Darwaza gateway to Fatehpur Sikri, built by Akbar in 1601. Indo-Islamic architecture is the architecture of the Indian subcontinent produced by and for Islamic patrons and purposes. Despite an initial Arab presence in Sindh, the development of Indo-Islamic architecture began in earnest with the establishment of Delhi as the capital ...
Sufism has a history in India evolving for over 1,000 years. [1] The presence of Sufism has been a leading entity increasing the reaches of Islam throughout South Asia. [2] Following the entrance of Islam in the early 8th century, Sufi mystic traditions became more visible during the 10th and 11th centuries of the Delhi Sultanate and after it ...
Islam is India's second-largest religion, [7] with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census. [8] India also has the third-largest number of Muslims in the world. [9] [10] The majority of India's Muslims are Sunni, with Shia making up around 15% of the Muslim ...
Shia Islam was brought to the Indian subcontinent during the final years of the Rashidun Caliphate. The Indian subcontinent also served as a refuge for some Shias escaping persecution from Umayyads, Abbasids, Ayyubids, and Ottomans. The immigration continued throughout the second millennium until the formation of modern nation states.
The first incursion by Arabs in India occurred around 636/7 AD, during the Rashidun Caliphate, long before any Arab Army reached the frontier of India by land. [16] Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi, the governor of Bahrain and Oman, had dispatched the naval expeditions against the ports and positions of the Sasanian Empire, and further east to the borders of India. [17]
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi[a] was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for more than three centuries. [12][13][14] The sultanate was established around c. 1206–1211 in the former Ghurid territories in India. The sultanate's history is generally divided ...