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Hemotympanum is often the result of basilar skull fracture. [1] Hemotympanum refers to the presence of blood in the middle ear, which is the area behind the eardrum. In most cases, the blood is trapped behind the eardrum, so no discharge is visible. Treating hemotympanum depends on the underlying cause.
Hemotympanum; Conductive or perceptive deafness, nystagmus, vomiting; In 1–10% of patients, optic nerve entrapment occurs. [4] The optic nerve is compressed by the broken skull bones, causing irregularities in vision. Serious cases usually result in death
Brain injuries may be diffuse, occurring over a wide area, or focal, located in a small, specific area. A head injury may cause skull fracture, which may or may not be associated with injury to the brain. Some patients may have linear or depressed skull fractures.
The distances between the dens and surrounding structures are also key features that can suggest the diagnosis, with the normal distance between the dens and basion (i.e., dens–basion interval; BDI) measuring less than 9 mm on CT, and the distance between the atlas and dens (i.e., atlas–dens interval; ADI) measuring less than 3 mm on CT, although this can be increased in cases of ...
Rarely, Mycobacterium species can also cause the infection. Some mastoiditis is caused by cholesteatoma, which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other ...
The usual causes of a cephalohematoma are a prolonged second stage of labor or instrumental delivery, including ventouse (vacuum) or forceps delivery. Vitamin C deficiency has been reported to possibly be associated with development of cephalhematomas. [citation needed]
Vascular causes of hemothorax include rupture of the descending aorta, in which case it initially involves the left pleural and mediastinal area due to the close vicinity of the pleural cavity. Rarely, a rupture of the thoracic aorta can result in a hemothorax, but the bleeding usually occurs in the pericardial space. [8]
Subdural hygromas require two conditions in order to occur. First, there must be a separation in the layers of the Meninges of the brain. Second, the resulting subdural space that occurs from the separation of layers must remain uncompressed in order for CSF to accumulate in the subdural space, resulting in the hygroma. [1]