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The embryo during this process is called a gastrula. The germ layers are referred to as the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. In diploblastic animals only the ectoderm and the endoderm are present. [8] * Among different animals, different combinations of the following processes occur to place the cells in the interior of the embryo:
An aphid giving viviparous birth, an unusual mode of reproduction among insects. In animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent.
This is common in molluscs, arthropods and fishes, and is found in most frogs. [1] Oviparity: fertilisation is internal, but the female lays zygotes as eggs with a substantial quantity of yolk to feed the embryo while it remains in the egg. The egg is not retained in the body, or only for a limited time. [1] Oviparity is found in insects, birds.
The New Zealand frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, uses a supernumerary sex chromosome. With zero of that chromosome, the frog develops into a male. With one or more, the frog develops into a female. One female had as many as 16 of that chromosome. [48] Different populations of the Japanese frog Rana rugosa uses different systems. Two use ...
Oviparity: internal fertilisation, where the female lays zygotes as eggs with important vitellus (typically birds) Ovoviviparity can be thought of as a form of oviparity where the zygotes are retained in the female's body or in the male's body, but there are no trophic interactions between zygote and parents. This is found in Anguis fragilis.
Initially, Hwang claimed he and his team had extracted stem cells from cloned human embryos, a result later found to be fabricated. Further examination of the chromosomes of these cells show indicators of parthenogenesis in those extracted stem cells, similar to those found in the mice created by Tokyo scientists in 2004.
As the blastopore deepens, a new embryonic cavity develops, the primitive gut, or the archenteron. It grows in length towards the future front part of the embryo. It can be seen from outside the embryo that the dorsal lip curves itself and grows, creating the side lips of the blastopore. During this time, the paraxial mesoderm enters the embryo.
The radiation destroyed the DNA within the sperm, but nearly normal embryos were still produced. Gunther Hertwig repeated this experiment in 1924, using crosses between different frogs. [ 1 ] A cross between a toad, Amietophrynus regularis , and a frog, Rana fusca , would not produce a viable embryo, but fertilization of a toad egg by an ...